Mechanical and Multifunctional Enhancement of CNT Reinforced Polymer Composites

Abstract

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer composites have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, which can substantially enhance the performance of polymeric materials in advanced engineering applications. This study investigates the mechanical and multifunctional enhancement of polymer composites through the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with controlled dispersion and alignment. Various concentrations of CNTs were integrated into an epoxy matrix using solution casting and sonication techniques to ensure uniform distribution and minimize agglomeration. The resulting composites were characterized for tensile strength, flexural properties, impact resistance, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Experimental results indicate significant improvements in mechanical properties, including increased tensile and flexural strength, as well as enhanced energy absorption under impact loading. Thermal analysis revealed elevated decomposition temperatures and improved thermal stability, while electrical conductivity measurements demonstrated the potential for multifunctional applications, including sensing and electromagnetic shielding. Microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy confirmed effective load transfer and strong interfacial bonding between CNTs and the polymer matrix. The study highlights the critical role of CNT dispersion, functionalization, and interfacial adhesion in achieving high-performance polymer composites with multifunctional capabilities suitable for aerospace, automotive, and structural applications.