Hybrid Nanofiller Synergy in Improving Composite Fracture Toughness

Abstract

 The integration of hybrid nanofillers in polymer composites has revolutionized material 
design by enhancing fracture toughness through synergistic mechanisms. This paper explores the 
combined effects of different nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and silica 
nanoparticles, in improving crack resistance and energy dissipation. Through experimental 
simulations and theoretical modeling, we investigate how filler morphology, dispersion, and 
interfacial interactions contribute to toughness gains. Results demonstrate that hybrid systems 
achieve up to 200% toughness improvement over single-filler composites, attributed to bridging, 
deflection, and pull-out synergies. The study emphasizes optimal hybridization ratios and 
processing techniques, offering pathways for high-performance composites in aerospace and 
automotive sectors.